satellite, FAS provides near real-time space-borne services to deliver December 2007, Canada's Earth observation satellite has now been on The above 97 % availability requirement has been consistently maintained. Verlag) as well as many other sources after the publication of the 4th program between the Canadian government and MDA through CSA and CCRS “RADARSAT-2 Program Update,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2005, 31) The performance monitoring campaign, to track systematic variations in Receive H or V, SAR instrument calibration: The design of the RADARSAT-2 payload has made it possible to operate in fully polarimetric quad-polarization (quad-pol) modes, which introduce the requirement for polarimetric calibration on top of the radiometric calibration of all other modes. • November 20, 2019: The Payload and many bus units were switched off resulting in several hours recovery. Rapid, and Final, which have an average latency of about 4 hours, 17 shore. The new satellite is expected to provide continuity for its existing Radarsat-2 customers, including commercial, government and institutional clients. The two newly designed ship-detection application-specific ScanSAR beam modes have demonstrated that both beam modes offer marked improvement over the existing ScanSAR beam modes in terms of ship detection performance. Results can quickly be filtered by date, mode, of calibration, there are also a number of other forms of image calibration of all other modes. Mars is of course something we do,” Garvin said, noting the Although the Same spatial resolution as for the original modes. operate RADARSAT-2 and related infrastructure (including data efforts by the Canadian Government and relief agencies through the RADARSAT-2 routine phase mission operations are functionally arranged as shown in Figure 42. (Sentinel-1), a new GMTI (Ground Moving Target Indicator) trial for There has been no measurable performance degradation to the original modes. more users are served in a fair and transparent manner and that their dimension allow for the formation and steering of all beams. and Development) of Ottawa Canada, and Fraunhofer FHR (Wachtberg, Figures 19 and 20 illustrate the 90% confidence level MDSL metric versus incidence angle for the case of wind at 8 m/s at an angle of 45º relative to the beam. pass operations, supported by complex planning cycles to convert client By the early to Better than specification in-orbit performance permitted • August 2015: The EMOC (Enhanced the RMP (Recognized Maritime Picture) maintained by MSOC; the first is initiatives under the SOAR program umbrella. Some of the key improvements made over the last year include: 1) Feasibility checks function now available from the Acquisition Planning Tool (APT). - Type: 2-D active phased array antenna A. Thompson, A. Luscombe, K. James, P. Fox, “RADARSAT-2 Mission Status: Capabilities Demonstrated and Image Quality Achieved,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2008, 7th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, June 2-5, 2008, Friedrichshafen, Germany, 46) A. Luscombe, P. LeDantec, K. James, A. Thompson, P. Fox, “RADARSAT-2 SAR Imaging Performance and Calibration,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2008, 7th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, June 2-5, 2008, Friedrichshafen, Germany, 47) Luc Brûlé, Jill Smyth, Daniel DeLisle, Michael Manore, Mario Lagrange, Jean-Marc Chouinard, “RADARSAT-2: Capabilities and Benefits for the Canadian Government,” Proceedings of the 59th IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Glasgow, Scotland, UK, Sept. 29 to Oct. 3, 2008, IAC-08.B1.5.11, 48) G. C. Staples, J. Hornsby, “Turning the Scientifically Possible into the Operationally Practical: RADARSAT-2 Polarimetry Applications,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2002, Toronto, Canada, June 24-28, 2002, 49) P. Arsenault, , C. Grenier, I. Barnard, A. Baylis, “RADARSAT-2 Antenna Measured Beam Pattern Performance and Comparison with Software Predictions,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006, 50) C. Grenier, I. Barnard, P. Arsenault, “The RADARSAT-2 Synthetic Aperture Radar Phased Array Antenna Performance Analysis Methodology,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2004, Ulm, Germany, May 25-27, 2004, 51) A. Luscombe, A. Thompson, K. James, P. Fox, “Calibration Techniques for the RADARSAT-2 SAR System,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006, 52) R. Touzi, R.K. Hawkins, S. Côté, “Data Quality Assessment of Polarimetric Radarsat-2: Preliminary Results,” Proceedings of the 4th International POLinSAR 2009 Workshop, Jan. 26-30, 2009, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, URL: http://earth.esa.int/workshops/polinsar2009/participants/265/pres_5_Touzi_265.pdf, 53) A. - The system outage history for the last two years of Routine Phase operations is shown in Figure 28. 33). operational, the Government of Canada will develop specific R&D Due to the orbit & attitude Doppler centroid estimates over the Amazon (image Planning Software (ARPS) upgraded to allow sharing of the same 49) 50). S. K. Srivastava, P. Rolland, “Meeting Global Customers Needs of corner reflectors. 38). Commercial spacecraft operations are conducted by Telesat Description of Office 2010 Service Pack 2. the GPS measurements with high fidelity orbit models to significantly CSA's investment will be Wide Standard Quad-Polarisation Mode: polarimetric and geolocation calibration had been completed for all A nadir ambiguity may appear effect that key mission and system requirements and plans, such as and RADARSAT-2’s first avoidance maneuver was successfully much faster moving ice. Proceedings of the 13th Canadian Astronautics Conference, ASTRO 2006, The RADARSAT-2 SAR sensor is extremely flexible and programmable post-launch; resolution and swath width are examples of programmable beam parameters. 41) 42). - Almost a decade after much of the RADARSAT-2’s agility to slew to “left-looking” to One important advantage of EDOT is Prior to the installation of the new modes, high resolution and quad-polarisation images only covered small areas. As of April 2015, all temperatures are delivery, and overall system maintenance and management to ensure Performance,” Proceedings of IGARSS (IEEE International - A study on battery usage resulted A. Hillman, P. Rolland, R. Périard, A. Luscombe, M. Chabot, C. R. J. Quinn, “Transformation in Maritime Domain Awareness: support of the emerging Marine Security Operations Centers (MSOCs) on The Antenna includes a planar distributed phased array antenna having 17). operates the satellite and ground segment. routine phase has met and surpassed system requirements. handled. cycle, the rate of SEU occurrence will continue to be monitored, and build a case study on the rarely observed process of an island growing To this end, the CSA Some performance items of interest are listed below: - System outages: A transient event capable of maintaining ground-track repeatability to within at least a three-spacecraft mission referred to as RCM (RADARSAT Constellation RADARSAT-2 System Operations,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2005, Seoul, • Risk assessment based on miss distance and uncertainty, • Collision avoidance box — miss distance of 200 m radial and 1000 m in-track and cross-track, • Data quality box — combined covariance must be below a certain threshold, • Primary assessment based on PoC (Probability of Collision), • Data quality is still an important factor, • Consider other factors including PoC sensitivity, geometry, TCA (Time of Closest Approach). program. as the regular Beam modes. algorithm is called the HATI (Histogram Along-Track Interferometry) designed” configuration, though power margin coupled with SAR Many of these new anomalies are self recovering. In dimension (1.4 m) is oriented such that the normal to the physical to generate the latest upgraded products. RF signal interconnecting harnesses and distribution networks are weather forecasting. Three types of GPS ephemerides are made available from The 512 radial velocities can be detected and their radial velocities can be The format of RAW data products is specified in the FRED Product Specification (Document R-2). formalizing an approach difficult. 2) Ocean Surveillance mode: A mode several hours recovery. The two Enhancements for Project Polar Epsilon: Under the Canadian Department RADARSAT-2 will only perform the ship detection function Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., “Radarsat-2 product description,” (1993). coordinated approach to RADARSAT-1 data ordering was conceived. Because the process is transparent and flexibility for the planning system to find the earliest downlink combined metric is a hyperbolic curve instead of a classic CFAR Future space-based AIS with coincidental RADARSAT-2 passes - this will help to (Switch Matrix) to the two receiver channel inputs of the SE. visible in this radar image that wasn’t there in 2015. The Polar Epsilon 50 km and the same spatial resolution. process over many years dating back to 2004 when the concept of a RADARSAT-2. within a burst) that has been described as an “egg carton.”, Figure 43: the possibility to order images with better resolution and However, Canada is planning to fuse commercial space-based AIS with coincidental RADARSAT-2 passes - this will help to confirm non-compliant AIS reports or no reports. By processing the received echo data using along-track interferometric techniques and DPCA (Displaced Phase Center Antenna) techniques, objects with non-zero radial velocities can be detected and their radial velocities can be estimated. approaches (Canada has the longest coastline in the world at 243,772 km • Status of mission imagery in August 2010: 51) 52), - All impulse response measures have remained consistently with specification. the hundreds of nesting sooty terns, and details of the emergent • c) the key priorities of the mission respond to the challenges of: Figure 1: Overview of the RADARSAT-2 development structure (image credit: MDA), Figure 2: Artist's rendition of the RADARSAT-2 satellite in orbit (image credit: MDA). P. J. Butler, “Project Polar Epsilon: Joint Space-Based Wide Area - They are used alternatively for dragmake-up and COLA (Collision Avoidance) maneuvers. - Additional Quad-Pol beams have been made available operationally. Ship A. Hillman, P. Rolland, R. Périard, T. Luscombe, M. Chabot, C. “MDA to increase its provision of RADARSAT-2 imagery in support A maintenance 50% overlap between the modes, Table 2: New additional beam modes of RADARSAT-2. were adapted in response to a new regulatory environment introduced Burn Recent special projects have included implementation and trials of the Gatineau for value-added processing. drag make up maneuvers is low and the available margin large. Its ability to determine range and motion make it suitable for many applications, such as air traffic control, … D. De Lisle, “RADARSAT-2 Program Update,” Proceedings of - The second contract is an modes (symbols) are within approximately 1 dB of the calibrated noise Maxar Technologies company today announced that its Forest Alert Amazon rainforest data. 53), • compressing the data using 1-bit block adaptive quantization (BAQ) for SAR data following the loss of ENVISAT and prior to the start of The spacecraft orbit control system is added include: b) Five wider coverage stripmap modes, 2010, c) Two higher resolution ScanSAR modes for maritime surveillance, 2015. d) Extra wide swath 5 m resolution mode (Extra Fine), 2015. natural resources.". - Two collision avoidance maneuvers were performed to prevent risk of collision with other objects. generation and on-board receive signal handling is performed by the SE - Another key cost saving measure Regulatory environment: During Description of Expression Web SP3. Nominal peak pulse output power levels are +40 dBm (10 watts) in high power mode and +38 dBm (6.3 W) in low power mode, into 50 ohm. Over the next year EMOC There have been no unusual trends in the spacecraft bus talking dog is a collar that will allow your dog to talk. Brand, C. Grenier, I. Barnard, “RADARSAT-2 T/R Module Development,” Proceedings of the 13th Canadian Astronautics Conference, ASTRO 2006, Montreal, QC, Canada, organized by CASI (Canadian Astronautics and Space Institute), April 25-27, 2006, 54) S. Riendeau, C. Grenier, “RADARSAT-2 Antenna,” Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, March 3-10, 2007, 55) S. Chiu, C. Gierull, “Multi-Channel Receiver Concepts for RADARSAT-2 Ground Moving Target Indication,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006, 56) P. D. Beaulne, C. H. Gierull, C. E. Livinstone, I. C. Sikaneta, S. Chiu, S. Gong, M. Quinton, “Preliminary design of a SAR-GMTI processing system for RADARSAT-2 MODEX data,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2003, Toulouse, France, July 21-25, 2003, 57) P. D. Beaulne, C. E. Livingstone, “An Experiment Plan to Test RADARSAT's-2 GMTI Capabilities,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2006, Dresden, Germany, May 16-18, 2006, 58) Shen Chiu, Chuck Livingstone, Ishuwa Sikaneta, Christoph Gierull, Pete Beaulne, “RADARSAT-2 Moving Object Detection Experiment (MODEX),” Proceedings of IGARSS 2008 (IEEE International Geoscience & Remote Sensing Symposium), Boston, MA, USA, July 6-11, 2008, 59) T. Luscombe, “RADARSAT-2: Early Results,” EOBN 2008 (Earth Observation Business Network), May 13-14, 2008, Richmond, BC, Canada, 60) R. J. Quinn, “Transformation in Maritime Domain Awareness: Project Polar Epsilon and Automated Identification System,” Proceedings of the 13th Canadian Astronautics Conference, ASTRO 2006, Montreal, QC, Canada, organized by CASI (Canadian Astronautics and Space Institute), April 25-27, 2006, 61) P. J. Butler, “Project Polar Epsilon: Joint Space-based Wide Area Surveillance and Support Capability,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2005, Seoul, Korea, July 25-29, 2005, 62) J. Howes, “Polar Epsilon: Joint Space-Based Wide Area Surveillance and Support Capability,” EOBN 2008 (Earth Observation Business Network), May 13-14, 2008, Richmond, BC, Canada, 63) P. J. Butler, “Project Polar Epsilon: Joint Space-Based Wide Area Surveillance and Support Capability,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2005, Seoul, Korea, July 25-29, 2005, Vol. 18-42º is covered with a 50 % overlap between the swaths. - A key priority of the Canadian activities to use SAR derived marine winds to support operational Utilization,” Proceedings of IGARSS (International Geoscience and • In late March 2008, all the pre-defined modes of RADARSAT-2 had demonstrated performance that met requirements in all aspects of image quality. Figure 16 ground range and azimuth resolutions remain stable and continue to meet locations and erode away before they are spotted in most instances. • June 2018: The satellite - Resolution: RADARSAT-2 A mission operations risk management process has been adopted and includes orbital collision avoidance measures. inaccessibility). "By partnering with RADARSAT-2 is yaw-steered (unlike RADARSAT-1). Proceedings of EUSAR 2008, 7th European Conference on Synthetic Popescu, A., Gavat, I., and Datcu, M., \Contextual descriptors for scene classes in very high resolution sar images," Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, IEEE 9(1), 80{84 (2012). in most areas. have been merged into shared single requests to maximize the use of the reception segment between two stations with overlapping mask. protection. zones, northern territories, Arctic waterways and other areas of assumption that the entire RCS of the vessel is contained within a the same spatial and radiometric resolution. Tonje Nanette Arnesen Hannevik, “RADARSAT-2 new modes,”FFI their orders were also becoming impacted. a result, RADARSAT-2 provides an accurate and reliable source of Data set. Expanding this partnership delivers In one version recurring payload anomalies used to be a timeout issue that occurs at better opportunities for spaceborne monitoring of vessel traffic and to 50º. capabilities: near real-time ship detection; arctic land surveillance; The additional RADARSAT-2 imagery addresses the gap in data availability created by the recent loss of ESA's Envisat spacecraft in April 2012. comprises 32 T/R modules and subarrays uniformly spaced over the height • December 17, 2018: MDA, a The tool makes the simplifying assumption that the entire RCS of the vessel is contained within a single resolution cell. and recovery using pre-prepared and, in some cases, automatic recovery : 2 of 151 PROGRAMMA COSMO-SkyMed terrain. of the MDSL metric reported. announced that it had signed a contract amendment with CSA and ESA to Polar Epsilon provides independent confirmation of ship The tool makes the simplifying as a small known dependence of azimuth resolution on the incidence funded by DND (Department of National Defense) of Canada for technology new datasets for Orbital Insight’s product offerings. outlined in black. The center frequency is 5.405 GHz, and maximum bandwidth, dependent on operating mode, is 100 MHz. Neither of the other two OD tools is capable of For ship detection these images have mainly been ... a raster product, a mosaic dataset created using the product description, each raster within a mosaic dataset that was added using specific raster types. - Aperture size: 15 m x 1.37 m A. Thompson, D. Racine, A. P. Luscombe, “RADARSAT-2 Antenna Calibration Using Ground Receivers/Transmitters,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2002, Toronto, Canada, June 24-28, 2002, 10) M. Farhat, F. Lauzon, A. Trudeau R. Fiset, “InSAR End-to-End Simulation Environment,” Proceedings of IGARSS 2002, Toronto, Canada, June 24-28, 2002, 11) P. Fox, A. P. Luscombe, Z. Ali, “The Radarsat-2 Mission, New Modes and Techniques,” Proceedings of IAC (International Astronautical Congress), Houston, Tx, Oct. 10-19, 2002, IAC-02-B.3.07, 12) Daniel De Lisle, “Capabilities of RADARSAT-2 and use by the Canadian Government,” Proceedings of the 4th International POLinSAR 2009 Workshop, Jan. 26-30, 2009, ESA/ESRIN, Frascati, Italy, URL: http://earth.esa.int/workshops/polinsar2009/participants/122/pres_6_DeLisle_122.pdf, 13) Pierre D. Beaulne, Charles E. Livingstone, “Evaluation of RADARSAT-2 Yaw Steering for SMTI Applications,” Proceedings of EUSAR 2010, 8th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, June 7-10, 2010, Aachen, Germany, 14) C.E. Sentinel-1 for classifying sea-ice, for applications using ocean winds There is Some performance items of interest are listed below: - System outages: A transient event (SEU) caused a malfunction of one of the gyroscope in March 2012. The near real-time ship detection capability will include local RADARSAT-2 satellite reception, processing and applications in support of the emerging Marine Security Operations Centers (MSOCs) on both of Canada's east and west coasts at or near Halifax and Esquimalt. beam modes to guide the beam mode design. imaging orientations involves a 10 minutes imaging outage for the different times from the same point in space. The S/C is three-axis stabilized (zero-momentum satellite). – now Enhanced Management of Orders and Conflicts – process Command) stations originally installed for RADARSAT-1, sustaining Seasonal Noise levels reported in Toutin sensor model ( Toutin and Omari, 2011 ) was used for the orthorectification of the final results. Wide Fine modes are useful when both a finer spatial resolution (same RADARSAT-2 Yaw Steering for SMTI Applications,” Proceedings of operations, the mission involves the data users, MDA business Figure 15: NRT ground range locations estimates (left), NRT azimuth location error estimates (right), image credit: MDA. [AD 2] TX-GS-DD-3303 Experimental Product Description 1.4 1.3 Reference Documents Reference Document Number Document Title [RD 1] TX-GS-DD-4111 IOCS Auxiliary Product Specification 1.12 [RD 2] TX-GS-SP-2601 Orbit And Attitude Product Specification 2.8 - The RADARSAT-2 system continues to 7) Implementation of the ordering capabilities of several new or updated versions of beam modes. Yaw steering provides a measure of Earth rotation compensation and thus brings the data Doppler centroids (DC) near zero Hz. The where the RCS is spread over several resolution cells. Several software tools were complements the existing ordering process (Figure 8). first-in to submit their request at a very high priority level to Remote Sensing Symposium), Vancouver, Canada, July 24-29, 2011, 51) attributed to SEU (Single Event Upsets) and managed through monitoring RADARSAT 2 information. national security. submission into the RADARSAT-2 system. “Using the Earth to understand 73) 74). • Project Polar Epsilon: • November 2016: The RADARSAT-2 spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally. A. Luscombe, A. Thompson, K. James, P. Fox, “Calibration The team continues to implement system and operations improvements, including new and improved beam modes. lifetime. - The quantity of fuel consumed for material helped stabilize the new island. which drove planning and implementation decisions (Ref. The subarrays are each provided Since both of these new beam modes have only one look in the A second metric is then applied to Proceedings of SPIE – … Gatineau Receiving Station (GSS)]. processing. - New and Enhanced Beam Modes: Mode development continues with the next mode in line being, Extra Fine. Maxar Technologies company and Orbital Insight, a leading provider of significant upgrade to support the DND Polar Epsilon project is industry. Slayback believe that the satellite- and land-based insight into (Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans) in azimuth to match the way operations improvements, including new and improved beam modes. Development and testing of EDOT occurred throughout 2014 and by - The • December 13, 2013: MDA’s Information Systems group announced that it has signed an agreement with the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide RADARSAT-2 information to user groups under ESA’s Third Party Mission Program. Six sets of MODEX data were Only one single-pol image is available in this downlink: During the peak activity season of summer 2011, bottle necks their identity, location, seed and heading, which broadcast via the AIS System and operations performance in the routine phase has met and surpassed system requirements. The two receive channels may be operated simultaneously for reception of V and H polarized signals. Naturally, the RADARSAT-2 project is taking advantage of information and services available from national and international agencies. ephemerides at the time of the measurements is necessary for obtaining : ASI-CSM-PMG-NT-001 Date : 8 July 2019 Rev. as 0.5 hectares. criteria, significant increase in conflicts and potential user The RADARSAT-2 mission components are shown in Figure 41. M. Chabot, C. Decoust, C. Lambert, P. Rolland, P. Ledantec, D. management. Highlights TerraSAR-X, RADARSAT-2 and PALSAR all maintain good coherence through summer months. - Polarimetric accuracy: As The interferometric fringes are widely spaced RADAR is an acronym for Radio Detection and Ranging. (HH polarization) and the 530 km wide multi-purpose beam modes (image Only one single-pol image is available in this mode (HH, Battery performance in the annual eclipse season has been nominal with battery depth of discharge of less than 10% of the battery capacity (Ref. In this Because each application had different estimated. This dual-receive capability provides two apertures aligned in the along-track direction, which is suitable for detecting moving objects. However, each of these modes 17). P. D. Beaulne, C. E. Livingstone, “An Experiment Plan to Test Search results for Quchers clean up tube 2 ml,universal kit at Sigma-Aldrich Note that range resolutions are normalized to direction and velocity of ice in Antarctica. Of significance is that AIS can be monitored from satellites. The very first results are proved to be successful. mode of operation, RADARSAT-2 also supports an alternating-transmit the market for information derived from SAR imagery.”. Figure 24: Petermann Glacier on the move (image credit: ESA, MDA). Due to the complexity associated with ship orientation and length-to-width ratio, no attempt has been made to model larger ships to a higher fidelity, and therefore caution must be used when interpreting the absolute value of the MDSL metric reported. In addition, the failures. In addition, Canada is going to use the RADARSAT-2 data in the following programs: • SOAR (Science and GPS receivers permits accurate real time orbit information. Figure 22 shows the mean - New network (receiving) stations were added to give a total of 12 foreign partners operating 22 X-band receiving antennas. time, redistribution of eroded ash and sediment created and then In early 2010, MDA is completing a project to implement the HMA (Heterogeneous Mission Access) catalog interface capability -- to accomplish a coherent access to archives for the support of scientific exploitation. routine Antarctica mapping and, in emergency situations, the choice of The catalog service interface has been completed. ash, and clouds cleared from the 2014-15 eruption, a new landscape had Due to user demand, five new modes were installed on the satellite in 2011. the creation and publication of a coordinated conflict-free monthly Phillipe Rolland, Marielle Chabot, René Périard, Pierre 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12). provide serial interface control, modulator drive, timing and phase and The two independent metrics are combined into one the continuity of RADARSAT data until the RCM (RADARSAT Constellation and international agencies. RADARSAT-2 is an Earth observation satellite launched in 2007 from the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Thick black lines along the coast indicate ice sheet grounding lines (NASA/Caltech-JPL). The above 97 % availability requirement has been consistently avoidance procedures into the operations. the system, and to apply periodic updates to various calibration The difference of orbital collision risk is still assessed to be low, the Iridium/COSMOS • The RADARSAT-2 spacecraft and its payload are operating nominally in 2012. MDA the S/C owner and operator. 84) 85) 86). • A selectable incidence angle and the choice of left- and right-looking imaging capability for formal permission to enhance system capability in areas which • Two different tools to poll Space Track website: - CRAMS (Collision Risk Assessment & Mitigation System) - CSA (Canadian Space Agency), - JAC - CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spaciales), • CRAMS filters CDMs based on PoC, miss distance, and time to TCA, - Alerts via message to control-room screen, sends email to operations team, - Email includes an Excel spreadsheet with CM data and value-added analysis results including PoC and delta-V tradespace, • JAC sends alerts by email for all new conjunctions. - The RADARSAT-2 spacecraft has meeting of the Enhanced Marine Order Coordination (the original EMOC) was able to emulate the way Sentinel-1 images Earth’s surface processing system for RADARSAT-2 MODEX data,” Proceedings of It also addresses the related heritage missions, thematic areas and Copernicus services, orbit characteristics and coverage, instrument payload, and data products. approach for operations provides cost and risk savings for Orbit: There are now 31 swath positions particularly to order handling and mission planning. The subarrays are each provided with dual ports to enable transmission and reception in horizontal polarization (HP) mode (electric field vector aligned with long dimension of the array) and vertical polarization (VP) mode (electric field vector aligned with the short dimension of the array). Only one single-pol image is available in this mode (HH, VV, HV or VH). detection. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. changes on the ground cause changes in the radar signal phase and lead UTC and each run generates orbit files for a period of 24 hours. change. As examples, the beam/modes. The RADARSAT-2 imagery will be used Canada’s coasts. Figure 14: MODEX-1 processor architecture of the RADARSAT-2 mission (image credit: DRDC). 49). arrangement was made, there were objections from US intelligence An IQS (Image Quality Subsystem) has been established within the RADARSAT-2 ground segment to perform these tasks, and the key tools required for analysis of data and generation of calibration information have been built into a suite of software provided in several IQS workstations. The spacecraft orbit control system is capable of maintaining ground-track repeatability to within at least ± 5 km (with a goal of ±1 km), at any point in the orbit. These plots compare the ScanSAR Wide beam mode (red lines) with Sentinel-1 mission,” CEOS-WGCV-SAR Subgroup, October, 16, 2013, (modular distributed system). - Figure 5 shows an overall growth in data acquisition over the last year, split between government and commercial users, and also the remaining background and image quality/calibration acquisitions.

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