Thomas H. Brobjer, "Philologica: A Possible Solution to the Stirner-Nietzsche Question", in, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche § Criticism of Anti-Semitism and nationalism, Spencer Sunshine, "Nietzsche and the Anarchists", "Jung's Reception of Friedrich Nietzsche", Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche&oldid=1019254312, Articles needing cleanup from February 2020, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from February 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 April 2021, at 09:36. 97-117, Steven E. Aschheim notes that "[a]bout 150,000 copies of a specially durable wartime, Brigitte Hamann, Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship, p.74, Jacob Golomb & Robert S. Wistrich (2002), ", "Nietzsche's possible reading, knowledge, and plagiarism of Max Stirner's The Ego and Its Own (1845) has been a contentious question and frequently discussed for more than a century now." Gilles Deleuze and Pierre Klossowski wrote monographs drawing new attention to Nietzsche's work, and a 1972 conference at Cérisy-la-Salle ranks as the most important event in France for a generation's reception of Nietzsche. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) is one of the major figures of 19th-century European philosophy, whose influence on 20th-century thought was rivaled only by Marx. 1930), who were drawn to the vitalistic, anti-dualistic themes also earlier expressed in the English and American traditions by William Blake and Walt Whitman. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE (1844-1900) 165 Nietzsche created what one might call Nietzscheanism, i. e., a most radical form of German "Protestantism." Alan D. Schrift cites this passage and writes, "That Heidegger sees Nietzsche heeding a command to reflect and prepare for earthly domination is of less interest to me than his noting that everyone thinks in terms of a position for or against Nietzsche. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. Once an affinity like this is appreciated, the absurdity of describing Nietzsche's political thought as 'fascist', or Nazi, becomes readily apparent. (The influence of Zen Buddhism on this sort of thinking is also very strong.). 828-843; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891-95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. In the context of the rise of French fascism, one researcher notes, "Although, as much recent work has stressed, Nietzsche had an important impact on "leftist" French ideology and theory, this should not obscure the fact that his work was also crucial to the right and to the neither right nor left fusions of developing French fascism.[5]. "[39] In 1934, Jung held a lengthy and insightful seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra. Friedrich Nietzsche: Philosophy of History. Pro-Nietzschean anarchists also include prominent Spanish CNT–FAI members in the 1930s such as Salvador Seguí and anarcha-feminist Federica Montseny; anarcho-syndicalist militants like Rudolf Rocker; and even the younger Murray Bookchin, who cited Nietzsche's conception of the 'transvaluation of values' in support of the Spanish anarchist project." [41] A 12th-century stick found among the Bryggen inscriptions, Bergen, Norway bears a runic message by which the population called upon Thor and Wotan for help: Thor is asked to receive the reader, and Wotan to own them. [36] Nietzsche also influenced Theodor Lessing. He forthrightly declared, "Man shall be trained for war and woman for the procreation of the warrior, anything else is folly"; and was indeed unified with the Nazi world-view at least in terms of the social role of women: "They belong in the kitchen and their chief role in life is to beget children for German warriors. He, like many writers influenced by Nietzsche, rejected the kind of traditional Christian dualism which sorts existence into good and evil with the physical and earthly being regarded as a source of evil and goodness identified with pure spirit and the life after death. In The Will to Power Nietzsche praised – sometimes metaphorically, other times both metaphorically and literally – the sublimity of war and warriors, and heralded an international ruling race that would become the "lords of the earth". 34. Such politicized readings were vehemently rejected by another French writer, the socialo-communist anarchist Georges Bataille, who in the 1930s sought to establish (in ambiguous success) the "radical incompatibility" between Nietzsche (as a thinker who abhorred mass politics) and "the fascist reactionaries." His father was a Lutheran pastor and died when Nietzsche was five. Also more recently in post-left anarchy, Nietzsche is present in the thought of Hakim Bey and Wolfi Landstreicher. not a Germanic master race but a neo-imperial elite of culturally refined "redeemers" of humanity, which was otherwise considered wretched and plebeian and ugly in its mindless existence. Thomas Mann's essays mention Nietzsche with respect and even adoration, although one of his final essays, "Nietzsche's Philosophy in the Light of Recent History", looks at his favorite philosopher through the lens of Nazism and World War II and ends up placing Nietzsche at a more critical distance. 62, No. And is now known as one of the most important thinkers of modern times. He is considered one of the most important German philosophers and philologists. In particular, the gesture of setting up 'Nietzsche' as a battlefield on which to take one's stand against or to enter into competition with the ideas of one's intellectual predecessors or rivals has happened quite frequently in the twentieth century."[26]. When you fall ill, your body is trying to tell you something; listen to the wisdom of your body. Heated debates over meaning, for example on the will to power or on the status of women in Nietzsche’s works, provided even the most vehement critics such as Peter Kropotkin with productive cues for developing their own theories. [2][3] The Dreyfus Affair provides another example of his reception: the French antisemitic Right labelled the Jewish and leftist intellectuals who defended Alfred Dreyfus as "Nietzscheans". [18] Thus far, no plagiarism has been detected at all, but a probable concealed influence in his formative years. My hero: Friedrich Nietzsche by Geoff Dyer Read more Nietzsche’s achievement was as a genealogist of morality, and his observations on the origins of liberal values are peculiarly resonant today. Besides Kanzantzakis, many novelists have drawn on Nietzsche. I hope you enjoyed these Friedrich Nietzsche Quotes On Success. "From the time Jung first became gripped by Nietzsche’s ideas as a student in Basel to his days as a leading figure in the psychoanalytic movement, Jung read, and increasingly developed, his own thought in a dialogue with the work of Nietzsche. October 12, 2016 elizabeth.wasson. “When one has a great deal to put into it a day has a hundred pockets.” Friedrich Nietzsche. He had some following among left-wing Germans in the 1890s. Martin Buber was fascinated by Nietzsche, whom he praised as a heroic figure, and he strove to introduce "a Nietzschean perspective into Zionist affairs." Friedrich Nietzsche. Overcoming feelings of guilt is an important step to mental health. The era of Nazi rule (1933–1945) saw Nietzsche's writings widely studied in German (and, after 1938, Austrian) schools and universities. But Nietzsche’s influence has been much richer and varied than these simple stereotypes suggest. It is the privilege of great individuals to become guilty in history. If there are few names from the second half of the 20th century cited above it is not because Nietzsche’s influence has dwindled. [11] Although he did not draw directly on Nietzsche’s work, the notions of “creative evolution” espoused by Henri Bergson (1859-1941) had a powerful influence on the Greek writer Nikos Kazantzakis (1885-1957), who combined his studies under Bergson with his reading of Nietzsche to produce a version of what is known as “process theology” which is most readily studied in the little book The Saviors of God and is also expressed in his most popular novel, Zorba the Greek. According to the French fascist Pierre Drieu la Rochelle, it was the Nietzschean emphasis on the autotelic power of the Will that inspired the mystic voluntarism and political activism of his comrades. The goal of life should be to find yourself. Friedrich Nietzsche never intended Do let us know which one was your favorite in the comments section below. [25] Bataille here was sharp-witted but combined half-truths without his customary dialectical finesse. Many people suffer from impaired self-esteem; they need to work on being proud of themselves. In 1901, Buber, who had just been appointed the editor of Die Welt, the primary publication of the World Zionist Organization, published a poem in Zarathustrastil (a style reminiscent of Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra) calling for the return of Jewish literature, art and scholarship. 3, Sep., 1947, pp. Le penseur intempestif sonne puissamment du cor pour annoncer la mort de Dieu et l’avènement du surhomme. Hot;er mentioned Nietzsche when he … [...] [H]e is so full of fear and hatred that spontaneous love of mankind seems to him impossible. Friedrich Nietzsche was a widely known German philosopher and philologist who was known for his critical writings on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy, and science. 17, No. Summary of a 1971 Foucault essay relating to Nietzsche, Foreign Words and Phrases translated from Dostoyevsky’s, Misconceptions, Confusions, and Conflicts Concerning Socialism, Communism, and Capitalism, Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Book One, Foreign Words and Phrases in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov. His writings have also been described as a revolutionary project in which his philosophy serves as the found… "[39], Nietzsche had also an important influence on psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology Alfred Adler. Nietzsche’s philosophy is believed to have influenced Adolf Hitler. [...] I dislike Nietzsche because he likes the contemplation of pain, because he erects conceit into duty, because the men whom he most admires are conquerors, whose glory is cleverness in causing men to die. Friedrich Nietzsche and William James were philosophers who examined the search for truth and its application in modern society. Knowledge and strength are greater virtues than humility and submission. Nietzsche was enlisted as an authority for articulating the movement's ruptured relationship with the past and a force in its drive to normalization and its activist ideal of self-creating Hebraic New Man. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. The German philosopher Martin Heidegger, an active member of the Nazi Party, noted that everyone in his day was either 'for' or 'against' Nietzsche while claiming that this thinker heard a "command to reflect on the essence of a planetary domination." In Western philosophy, Nietzsche's writings have been described as a case of free revolutionary thought, that is, revolutionary in its structure and problems, although not tied to any revolutionary project. [40] In 1936, Jung explained that Germans of the present day had been seized or possessed by the psychic force known in Germanic mythology as Wotan, "the god of storm and frenzy, the unleasher of passions and the lust of battle"—Wotan being synonymous with Nietzsche's Dionysus, Jung said. [23] Heinrich Hoffmann's popular biography Hitler as Nobody Knows Him (which sold nearly a half-million copies by 1938) featured this photo with the caption reading: "The Führer before the bust of the German philosopher whose ideas have fertilized two great popular movements: the national socialist of Germany and the fascist of Italy. According to Ernest Jones, biographer and personal acquaintance of Sigmund Freud, Freud frequently referred to Nietzsche as having "more penetrating knowledge of himself than any man who ever lived or was likely to live". Here Nietzsche was referring to pan-Europeanism of a Caesarist type, positively embracing Jews,[27][according to whom?] Philosophical Influences on Nietzsche. The theme of the aesthetic justification of existence Nietzsche introduced from his earliest writings, in "The Birth of Tragedy" declaring sublime art as the only metaphysical consolation of existence; and in the context of fascism and Nazism, the Nietzschean aestheticization of politics void of morality and ordered by caste hierarchy in service of the creative caste, has posed many problems and questions for thinkers in contemporary times. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réception_de_la_pensée_de_Nietzsche he resolved "to have nothing to do with anyone involved in the perfidious race-fraud"), phrases like "the will to power" became common in Nazi circles. This philosophical movement (originating with the work of Bataille) has been dubbed French Nietzscheanism. Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) similarly explored the necessity for the individuals to overcome their social training and traditional ideas to seek their own way (Steppenwolf and The Glass Bead Game). Nietzsche's present stature in the English-speaking world owes much to the exegetical writings and improved Nietzsche translations by the Jewish-German, American philosopher Walter Kaufmann and the British scholar R.J. Hollingdale. In his book on Nietzsche, Mencken portrayed the philosopher as a proponent of anti-egalitarian aristocratic revolution, a depiction in sharp contrast with left-wing interpretations of Nietzsche. Russell is here depicting the "hard Nietzsche" very few today would recognize. Even pop psychologists of “self-esteem” preach a gospel little different from that of Zarathustra. Nietzsche's influence on Continental philosophy increased dramatically after the Second World War. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was notoriously unread and uninfluential during his own lifetime, and his works suffered considerable distortion in the hands of his sister Elisabeth, who managed his literary estate and twisted his philosophy into a set of ideas supporting Hitler and Nazism (Hitler had Thus Spoke Zarathustra issued to every soldier in the German army). 400-426; T. A. Riley, "Anti-Statism in German Literature, as Exemplified by the Work of John Henry Mackay", in PMLA, Vol. Some authors claim that he probably never read Nietzsche, or that if he did, his reading was not extensive. For example, one "rabidly Nazi writer, Curt von Westernhagen, who announced in his book Nietzsche, Juden, Antijuden (1936) that the time had come to expose the 'defective personality of Nietzsche whose inordinate tributes for, and espousal of, Jews had caused him to depart from the Germanic principles enunciated by Meister Richard Wagner'. Philosophers after Hegel have increasingly returned to face them, and they stand today unquestioned as the authentically great thinkers of their age. Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher living in the late 1800s. In Germany interest in Nietzsche was revived from the 1980s onwards, particularly by the German philosopher Peter Sloterdijk, who has devoted several essays to Nietzsche. [citation needed]. NEW YORK, March 5 (UPI) -- Of all 19th-century thinkers, perhaps only Karl Marx surpassed Friedrich Nietzsche in his influence on the 20th century. Consider the following ideas circulating in American culture today, all of them traceable at least in part to Nietzsche, although many of them are much simpler than similar ideas held by him: More Study Guides for 18th and 19th Century European Classics. [8] Other authors like Melendez (2001) point out to the parallels between Hitler's and Nietzsche's titanic anti-egalitarianism,[9] and the idea of the "übermensch",[10] a term which was frequently used by Hitler and Mussolini to refer to the so-called "Aryan race", or rather, its projected future after fascist engineering. [19], Spencer Sunshine writes, "There were many things that drew anarchists to Nietzsche: his hatred of the state; his disgust for the mindless social behavior of "herds"; his anti-Christianity; his distrust of the effect of both the market and the state on cultural production; his desire for an "overman" — that is, for a new human who was to be neither master nor slave; his praise of the ecstatic and creative self, with the artist as his prototype, who could say, "Yes" to the self-creation of a new world on the basis of nothing; and his forwarding of the "transvaluation of values" as source of change, as opposed to a Marxist conception of class struggle and the dialectic of a linear history. He was also became lover of Lou Andreas-Salomé, a woman who ten years earlier Nietzsche loved unrequitedly. arguably most famous for his criticisms of traditionalEuropean moral commitments, together with their foundations inChristianity. Many other famous writers influenced by Nietzsche include André Malraux (1901-1976), André Gide (1869-1951), and Knut Hamsun (1859-1952). American writer H. L. Mencken avidly read and translated Nietzsche's works and has gained the sobriquet "the American Nietzsche". Analytic philosophers, if they mentioned Nietzsche at all, characterized him as a literary figure rather than as a philosopher. ", During the interbellum years, certain Nazis had employed a highly selective reading of Nietzsche's work to advance their ideology, notably Alfred Baeumler, who strikingly omitted the fact of Nietzsche's anti-socialism and anti-nationalism (for Nietzsche, both equally contemptible mass herd movements of modernity) in his reading of The Will to Power. Although the direct influence of this school hardly lasted out the decade, other theologians used Nietzsche’s thought as well, notably embracing his idea that human values should be based not on denial (“thou shalt not”) but on affirmation (“thou shalt”). In one particularly harsh section, he says: It is obvious that in his day-dreams he is a warrior, not a professor; all of the men he admires were military. The future influences the present just as much as the past. The entire “human potential movement” and humanistic psychology (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May, etc.) Like many other poets, William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) combined an admiration for Blake with interest in Nietzsche. Bertrand Russell in his History of Western Philosophy was scathing in his chapter on Nietzsche, asking whether his work might not be called the "mere power-phantasies of an invalid" and referring to Nietzsche as a "megalomaniac". Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15th, 1844 in the small town of Röcken, near Leipzig, in the Prussian Province of Saxony. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher of the late 19th century who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. Even George Santayana, an American philosopher whose life and work betray some similarity to Nietzsche's, dismissed Nietzsche in his 1916 Egotism in German Philosophy as a "prophet of Romanticism". It is not surprising that an author who embraced such contradictions should have influenced thinkers of an extraordinary variety. The Jewish theologian Martin Buber (1878-1965)–also a great influence on Christian theology–translated part of Thus Spoke Zarathustra into Polish. [7] Nevertheless, others point to a quote in Hitler's Table Talk, where the dictator mentioned Nietzsche when he spoke about what he called "great men", as an indication that Hitler may have been familiarized with Nietzsche's work. According to the philosopher René Girard,[46] Nietzsche's greatest political legacy lies in his 20th-century French interpreters, among them Georges Bataille, Pierre Klossowski, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze (and Félix Guattari), and Jacques Derrida. The main conclusion reached in the investigation is that Nietzsche influenced the Third Reich through his sister Elisabeth, who associated his name and philosophy in the name of National Socialism. Alfred Rosenberg, an influential Nazi ideologist, also delivered a speech in which he related National Socialism to Nietzsche's ideology. First, he read the Ramayana in the original Sanskrit and produced a paper on this work while in the equivalent of High School. Pour Nietzsche la mort de Dieu doit donner naissance à d’autres chimères. Despite the fact that Nietzsche had expressed his disgust with plebeian-volkist antisemitism and supremacist German nationalism in the most forthright terms possible (e.g. Il commence sa carrière comme philologue classique avant de se tourner vers la philosophie. Their constant use of Nietzsche’s catch phrase is a reminder of their indebtedness to him. People who hate their bodies or are in tension with them need to learn how to accept and integrate their physical selves with their minds instead of seeing them as in tension with each other.

Conservateur Palais Des Papes, Nasa Bennu Images, Lyon Turquie Heure De Vol, Fake Jersey Football, Que Faire En Couple Pendant Le Covid, Laine Qui Ne Bouloche Pas, Maison D'édition Belgique Job,